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Study Resource: Endings for making requests in Japanese

By: Masaru Mito

Direct requests

Direct requests are used to tell someone to “please do” something or “please not do” something. This structure sounds best in a context where your request might be expected, given the context.

PolitenessRequest
(“Please do…”)
Negative request
(“Please don’t do…”)
Notes

Casual

〜て
Transcription: -te
〜ないで
Transcription: -naide
〜てくれ
Transcription: -te kure
〜ないでくれ
Transcription: -naide kure

used by male speakers

〜てちょうだい
Transcription: -te chōdai
〜ないでちょうだい
Transcription: -naide chōdai

used by female speakers

Polite

〜てください
Transcription: -te kudasai
〜ないでください
Transcription: -naide kudasai

Casual

お〜... ください
Transcription: o-... kudasai

Verbs with special honorific forms use that instead of お (o) + verb.

Often used for formal instructions or suggested actions that would be beneficial to the listener.

Indirect requests

Indirect requests are requests that are phrased as questions, like “Can you…?” or “Can you not…?” Remember:

  • You can form an indirect request using either a positive question (e.g. “Will you do me a favor and…?”) or a negative question (“Won’t you do me a favor and…?”).

  • You can also form them using two different verbs: either くれる transcribed kureruor もらえる transcribed moraeru.

Here are the most common combinations of sentence structures and politeness:

PolitenessRequest (“Can you do…?”)Negative request (“Can you not do…?”)

Casual

〜てくれる?
Transcription: -te kureru?
〜てもらえる?
Transcription: -te moraeru?
〜ないでくれる?
Transcription: -naide kureru?
〜ないでもらえる?
Transcription: -naide moraeru?
〜てくれない?
Transcription: -te kurenai?
〜てもらえない?
Transcription: -te moraenai?
〜ないでくれない?
Transcription: -naide kurenai?
〜ないでもらえない?
Transcription: -naide moraenai?

Polite

〜てくれますか?
Transcription: -te kuremasu ka?
〜てもらえますか?
Transcription: -te moraemasu ka?
〜ないでくれますか?
Transcription: -naide kuremasu ka?
〜ないでもらえますか?
Transcription: -naide moraemasu ka?
〜てくれませんか?
Transcription: -te kuremasen ka?
〜てもらえませんか?
Transcription: -te moraemasen ka?
〜ないでくれませんか?
Transcription: -naide kuremasen ka?
〜ないでもらえませんか?
Transcription: -naide moraemasen ka?

Very polite

〜てくださいますか?
Transcription: -te kudasaimasu ka?
〜ていただけますか?
Transcription: -te itadakemasu ka?
〜ないでくださいますか?
Transcription: -naide kudasaimasu ka?
〜ないでいただけますか?
Transcription: -naide itadakemasu ka?
〜ていただけませんか?
Transcription: -te kudasaimasen ka?
〜ていただけませんか?
Transcription: -te itadakemasen ka?
〜ないでくださいませんか?
Transcription: -naide kudasaimasen ka?
〜ないでいただけませんか?
Transcription: -naide itadakemasen ka?