Figure A-1: Timeline about the history of the English language
Timeline events in chronological order.
500-700 CE: Germanic tribes, including the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians, settle in Britain, bringing with them dialects that eventually became Old English.
700 CE: "Caedmon's Hymn," the oldest known English poem, is composed.
800-1000 AD: Vikings invade the eastern and northern parts of England, bringing a large number of Old Norse words to the English language.
1066: The Norman invasion of England, led by William the Conqueror, leads to the establishment of Normans as the ruling class.
1200-1400 AD: Norman conquest leads to French words mingling with English -- particularly those related to royalty, the law, and food.
1500-1600 AD: Increasing interactions between the English and Spanish Empires result in Spanish military vocabulary being adopted in English (e.g.,conquistador).
1700-1800 CE: Large scale migration from England to North America leads to the evolution of a new dialect of English.
1870s: Westward migration to former Mexican states and territories leads to the growth of Spanish words in American English (e.g., rodeo).
1898: More and more Spanish words enter English following the American acquisition of Puerto Rico after the Spanish-American War.
2000s: English and Spanish continue to influence one another through media such as films, television, music, and the Internet.
End of description.
Project: Fórum hispanohablante: Los idiomas
Figure A-2: Cultural Iceberg
Cultural Iceberg
[Illustration of an iceberg with a smaller top half visible above water and a larger and longer bottom bottom half below water. The top half is labeled "Surface Culture" and the bottom half is labeled "Deep Culture."]
Surface Culture
Includes:
Food
List item content
Literature
Language
Dances
Games
Fashion
Festival
Holidays
Deep Culture
Includes:
Communication Styles & Rules
Examples: Facial expressions, body language, personal space gestures, handing & displaying emotionNotions of courtesy and manners, leadership, friendly, beauty
Attitude toward corporation vs. competition, authority, senior citizens, children, rules, animals, age, work, and death
Concepts of family, self past and future, fairness and justice
Approaches to problem solving, religion, marriage, raising children, decision-making, courtship
End of description.
Activity: 1.3.4 - Greeting Customs Around the World
Figure A-3: Spanish numbers word search
Answer key to a 15x15 word search puzzle, containing numbers written out in Spanish and answers circled in red.
Horizontal answers:
Row 1, columns 2 to 13:cuarenta y dos.
Row 3, columns 7 to 13:catorce.
Row 8, columns 2 to 11:diecinueve.
Row 10, columns 4 to 14:veintisiete.
Row 11, columns 4 to 15:treinta y seis.
Row 12, columns 1 to 11:treinta y uno.
Row 13, columns 2 to 15:cuarenta y nueve.
Row 15, columns 2 to 14:cuarenta y seis.
Vertical answers:
Column 2, rows 1 to 4:cero.
Column 3, rows 3 to 11:veintiuno.
Column 5, rows 4 to 9:quince.
Column 6, rows 4 to 13:diecisiente.
Column 12, rows 5 to 10:veinte.
Column 15, rows 3 to 11:veintidós.
Diagonal answers:
Columns 6 to 10, rows 7 to 3:cinco.
Columns 4 to 13, rows 10 to 1:veintitrés.
Columns 11 to 14, rows 7 to 10:once.
Columns 4 to 13, rows 10 to 1: veintitrés. Columns 11 to 14, rows 7 to 10: once.
End of description.
Activity: 1.4.3 -Sopa de letras
Figure A-4: Persona A's map
[Colorful illustrated map of a city with greenery]
This map features 9 roads, 14 sections of land, and 4 pinpoints. Each section of land includes either public buildings, parks/green spaces, or a mix of both. There are also 14 key locations within the map: only 7 are identified and labeled for you.
Labeled map objects for Persona A
la iglesia
el parque La Colina
el cine
la cafetería
el restaurante mexicano
el centro comercial
el teatro
Unlabeled map objects for Persona A
la parada de autobús
el restaurante italiano
el gimnasio
la tienda
el parque El Cielo
la plaza
el baño público
Descriptions of roads on the map
Note: The following roads are described from top to bottom, left to right.
Vertical Roads
There are five vertical roads: V-A, V-B, V-C, V-D, and V-E.
V-A: A vertical road placed approximately 1/5 to the left of the map. The road begins at the top edge of the map and runs down to the middle of the map (top 1/2 of the map). Once it reaches the middle of the map, it curves rightward and becomes horizontal road H-B.
V-B: A vertical road placed approximately 2/5 to the left of the map. The road begins from the top edge of the map and runs all the way down to the bottom edge of the map.
V-C: A short vertical road that is placed in the bottom half of the map, close to center. It begins where it intersects with horizontal road H-B, and runs down to the bottom edge of the map.
V-D: A vertical road that begins by splitting off from horizontal road H-A, slightly further left from road V-E, or 4/5 to the left of the map. It then runs from that beginning point down to the bottom edge of the map.
V-E: A short vertical road placed approximately 4/5 to the left of the map. The road begins at the top edge of the map and ends when it intersects with horizontal road H-A.
Horizontal Roads
There are four horizontal roads: H-A, H-B, H-C, and H-D.
H-A: A horizontal road placed approximately 1/4 to the top of the map. The road begins from the left edge of the map and runs all the way across to the right edge of the map.
H-B: A horizontal road placed slightly over middle of the map. It begins where road V-A curves into H-B, at approximately 1/5 to left edge of the map, and runs to the end of the right edge of the map.
H-C: A short horizontal road placed approximately 3/4 of the way down from the top of the map. The road begins at the left edge of the map and ends when it intersects with vertical road V-B.
H-D: A horizontal road that begins at approximately 3/4 of the way down from the top of the map and halfway from the left side of the map. It begins by splitting off from vertical road V-C and runs horizontally to the right edge of the map.
Breakdown of objects and map features by section
The features and content of this map can be divided into 14 distinct areas, or "sections." They are described in order, from top to bottom and left to right.
Section 1:
The left-most section in the top row of the map. A grassy vertical rectangular-shaped area. To its east is vertical road V-A and to its south is horizontal road H-A. Objects in this section include a singular small building next to a tree. No key locations are identified or labeled in this section.
Section 2:
The middle-left section in the top row of the map. A pavemented vertical rectangular-shaped area. To its west is vertical road V-A, to its east is vertical road V-B, and to its south is horizontal road H-A continued. Objects in this section include a large square building next to a smaller square building. The smaller building is about 1/6 the size of the larger building. The large square building is identified as a key location and is labeled el teatro.
Section 3:
The middle-right section in the top row of the map. A grassy horizontal rectangular-shaped area that’s 2.5 times wider area than Section 1 and 2. To its west is vertical road V-B, to its east is vertical road V-E, and to its south is horizontal road H-A continued. Objects: at the center of this section is a long vertical rectangular building, surrounded by three trees to its left and two trees to its right. No key locations are identified or labeled in this section.
Section 4:
The right-most section in the top row of the map. A pavemented vertical rectangular-shaped area. To its west is vertical road V-E and to its south is horizontal road H-A continued. Objects in this section include two vertically long rectangular buildings side-by-side. There are no key locations identified and labeled in this area, except for a purple pinpoint placed on top of one of the buildings with the text Estás aquí.
Section 5:
The left-most section in the middle rows of the map. A pavemented area shaped like a boot facing right. To its north is horizontal road H-A and to its south is horizontal road H-C. To the east of this section are two roads that intersect to form the toe tip of the boot-shape: vertical road V-A that eventually curves into horizontal road H-B, and then vertical road V-B.
There are five objects in total in this section. The first three buildings are placed side by side in vertical fashion to make the top half of the boot shape: one square building on top and two rectangular buildings below. The next object is a small square building about 1/3 of the size of the first three buildings. It is placed closer to the center and to the right, where the boot shape curves. Then, below that, is the fifth object: a large rectangular building spanning the bottom length of the boot. The trio of buildings located at the top of the boot are (together) identified as a key location, labeled el centro comercial.
Section 6:
The section that sits to the right of Section 5. A grassy area whose shape, when combined with Section 5, form a vertical rectangle that is 2x the length and height of Section 1. To its north is horizontal road H-A, to its west and south is road V-A/H-B, and to its east is vertical road V-B. Objects in this section include three vertically-lined trees. No key locations are identified and labeled in this section.
Section 7:
The center-most section on the map. A pavemented square-ish area. To its north is horizontal road H-A, to its west is vertical road V-B, to its south is road H-B, and to its east is road V-D Objects in this section include two rows of various sized buildings. The top row includes a large rectangular building and a square building. The bottom row includes three identical square buildings. A red pinpoint sits on top of the large rectangular building (in the top row). Of the three square buildings in the bottom row, the right-most building is identified as a key location and is labeled la cafetería.
Section 8:
The section that sits east to Section 7, and is also the right-most section on the map in the middle row. A square-ish grassy area. To its north is horizontal road H-A, to its left is vertical road V-D, and to its south is horizontal road H-B. Objects in this section include three rows of trees, in pairs. The bottom row is the only exception- instead of two trees, it contains a building on the left and a tree on the right. No key locations are identified and labeled in this section.
Section 9:
The left-most section in the bottom row of the map. A rectangular-shaped grassy area the size of Section 1 and 2 combined. To its north is horizontal road H-C and to its right is vertical road V-B. Objects in this section include two rows of trees, in pairs. The bottom row is an exception- instead of two trees, it contains a tree on the left and a singular rectangular building on the right. An orange pinpoint is placed on the rectangular building. The entirety of this grassy area is also identified as a key location and is labeled el parque La Colina.
Section 10:
The middle-left section in the bottom row of the map. A long vertical pavemented area that spans the height of the bottom half of the map. To its north is horizontal road H-B, to its west is vertical road V-B, and to its east is vertical road V-C. Objects in this section include a long vertical building followed by two smaller buildings below it, each 1/3 of its size; one striped and one without. The long vertical building is identified as a key location and is labeled la iglesia.
Section 11:
A square-shaped grassy section to the right of Section 10 and below Section 7. To its north is horizontal road H-B, to its west is vertical road V-C, to its east is vertical road V-D, and to its south is horizontal road H-D. There are two rows of objects in this section- a tree and small square building on top, and another small building and a tree below. No key locations are identified or labeled in this section.
Section 12:
The middle-right section in the bottom row of the map. A pavemented square-shaped area. To its north is horizontal road H-D, to its west is vertical road V-C, and to its east is vertical road V-D. Objects in this section include two rectangular buildings side by side. The left one has no pattern, while the right one is striped. Together, the two buildings are identified as a key location and is labeled el restaurante mexicano.
Section 13:
A section on the right-most edge of the map that is sandwiched between Section 8 (above) and Section 14 (below), and east to Section 11. A square-shaped pavemented area. To its north is horizontal road H-B, to its west is vertical road V-D, and to its south is horizontal road H-D. Objects in this section include two rectangular buildings side by side. The left one is striped and the right one has no pattern. A green pinpoint is placed on the striped building on the left. The building on the right (without pattern) is identified as a key location and is labeled el cine.
Section 14:
The right-most section in the bottom row of the map. A grassy square-shaped area. To its north is horizontal road H-D and to its left is vertical road V-D. Objects in this section include 3 trees of various sizes. No key locations are identified and labeled in this sections.
End of description.
Activity: 2.1.4 - Directions
Figure A-5: Persona B's map
This is a colorful, illustrated map of a city. It features 9 roads, 14 sections of land, and 4 pinpoints. Each section of land includes either public buildings, parks/green spaces, or a mix of both. There are also 14 key locations within the map: only 7 are identified and labeled for you.
Labeled map objects for Persona B
la parada de autobús
el restaurante italiano
el gimnasio
la tienda
el parque El Cielo
la plaza
el baño público
Unlabeled map objects for Persona B
la parada de autobús
el restaurante italiano
el gimnasio
la tienda
el parque El Cielo
la plaza
el baño público
Descriptions of roads on the map
Note: The following roads are described from top to bottom, left to right for ease; they are not unidirectional.
Vertical Roads
There are five vertical roads: V-A, V-B, V-C, V-D, and V-E.
V-A: A vertical road placed approximately 1/5 to the left of the map. The road begins at the top edge of the map and runs down to the middle, or top half, of the map. Once it reaches the middle of the map, it curves rightward and becomes horizontal road H-B.
V-B: A vertical road placed approximately 2/5 to the left of the map. The road begins from the top edge of the map and runs all the way down to the bottom edge of the map.
V-C: A short vertical road that is placed in the bottom half of the map, close to center. It begins where it intersects with horizontal road H-B, and runs down to the bottom edge of the map.
V-D: A vertical road that begins by splitting off from horizontal road H-A, slightly further left from road V-E, or 4/5 to the left of the map. It then runs from that beginning point down to the bottom edge of the map.
V-E: A short vertical road placed approximately 4/5 to the left of the map. The road begins at the top edge of the map and ends when it intersects with horizontal road H-A.
Horizontal Roads
There are four horizontal roads: H-A, H-B, H-C, and H-D.
H-A: A horizontal road placed approximately 1/4 to the top of the map. The road begins from the left edge of the map and runs all the way across to the right edge of the map.
H-B: A horizontal road placed slightly over middle of the map. It begins where road V-A curves into H-B, at approximately 1/5 to left edge of the map, and runs to the end of the right edge of the map.
H-C: A short horizontal road placed approximately 3/4 of the way down from the top of the map. The road begins at the left edge of the map and ends when it intersects with vertical road V-B.
H-D: A horizontal road that begins at approximately 3/4 of the way down from the top of the map and halfway from the left side of the map. It begins by splitting off from vertical road V-C and runs horizontally to the right edge of the map.
Breakdown of objects and map features by section
The features and content of this map can be divided into 14 distinct areas, or "sections." They are described in order, from top to bottom and left to right.
Section 1:
The left-most section in the top row of the map. A grassy vertical rectangular-shaped area. To its east is vertical road V-A and to its south is horizontal road H-A. Objects in this section include a singular small building next to a tree. No key locations are identified or labeled in this section.
Section 2:
The middle-left section in the top row of the map. A pavemented vertical rectangular-shaped area. To its west is vertical road V-A, to its east is vertical road V-B, and to its south is horizontal road H-A continued. Objects in this section include a large square building next to a smaller square building. The smaller building is about 1/6 the size of the larger building. No key locations are identified and labeled in this section.
Section 3:
The middle-right section in the top row of the map. A grassy horizontal rectangular-shaped area that’s 2.5 times wider area than Section 1 and 2. To its west is vertical road V-B, to its east is vertical road V-E, and to its south is horizontal road H-A continued. Objects: at the center of this section is a long vertical rectangular building, surrounded by three trees to its left and two trees to its right. The building is identified as a key location and is labeled la tienda.
Section 4:
The right-most section in the top row of the map. A pavemented vertical rectangular-shaped area. To its west is vertical road V-E and to its south is horizontal road H-A continued. Objects in this section include two vertically long rectangular buildings side-by-side. There are no key locations identified and labeled in this area, except for a purple pinpoint placed on top of one of the buildings with the text Estás aquí.
Section 5:
The left-most section in the middle rows of the map. A pavemented area shaped like a boot facing right. To its north is horizontal road H-A and to its south is horizontal road H-C. To the east of this section are two roads that intersect to form the toe tip of the boot-shape: vertical road V-A that eventually curves into horizontal road H-B, and then vertical road V-B.
There are five objects in total in this section. The first three buildings are placed side by side in vertical fashion to make the top half of the boot shape: one square building on top and two rectangular buildings below. The next object is a small square building about 1/3 of the size of the first three buildings. It is placed closer to the center and to the right, where the boot shape curves. Then, below that, is the fifth object: a large rectangular building spanning the bottom length of the boot. This large rectangular building is identified as a key location and is labeled el gimnasio.
Section 6:
The section that sits to the right of Section 5. A grassy area whose shape, when combined with Section 5, form a vertical rectangle that is 2x the length and height of Section 1. To its north is horizontal road H-A, to its west and south is road V-A/H-B, and to its east is vertical road V-B. Objects in this section include three vertically-lined trees. No key locations are identified and labeled in this section.
Section 7:
The center-most section on the map. A pavemented square-ish area. To its north is horizontal road H-A, to its west is vertical road V-B, to its south is road H-B, and to its east is road V-D Objects in this section include two rows of various sized buildings. The top row includes a large rectangular building and a square building. The bottom row includes three identical square buildings. A red pinpoint sits on top of the large rectangular building. There are two key locations identified in this section: the top row of buildings are labeled la plaza and the left-most square building in the bottom row of buildings is labeled el restaurante italiano.
Section 8:
The section that sits east to Section 7, and is also the right-most section on the map in the middle row. A square-ish grassy area. To its north is horizontal road H-A, to its left is vertical road V-D, and to its south is horizontal road H-B. Objects in this section include three rows of trees, in pairs. The bottom row is the only exception- instead of two trees, it contains a building on the left and a tree on the right. This entire grassy section is identified as a key location and labeled el parque El Cielo.
Section 9:
The left-most section in the bottom row of the map. A rectangular-shaped grassy area the size of Section 1 and 2 combined. To its north is horizontal road H-C and to its right is vertical road V-B. Objects in this section include two rows of trees, in pairs. The bottom row is an exception- instead of two trees, it contains a tree on the left and a singular rectangular building on the right. An orange pinpoint is placed on the rectangular building. However, no key locations are identified and labeled in this section.
Section 10:
The middle-left section in the bottom row of the map. A long vertical pavemented area that spans the height of the bottom half of the map. To its north is horizontal road H-B, to its west is vertical road V-B, and to its east is vertical road V-C. Objects in this section include a long vertical building followed by two smaller buildings below it, each 1/3 of its size; one striped and one without. The striped square building is identified as a key location and is labeled el baños público.
Section 11:
A square-shaped grassy section to the right of Section 10 and below Section 7. To its north is horizontal road H-B, to its west is vertical road V-C, to its east is vertical road V-D, and to its south is horizontal road H-D. There are two rows of objects in this section- a tree and small square building on top, and another small building and a tree below. No key locations are identified or labeled in this section.
Section 12:
The middle-right section in the bottom row of the map. A pavemented square-shaped area. To its north is horizontal road H-D, to its west is vertical road V-C, and to its east is vertical road V-D. Objects in this section include two rectangular buildings side by side. The left one has no pattern, while the right one is striped. Together, the two buildings are identified as a key location and is labeled el restaurante mexicano.
Section 13:
A section on the right-most edge of the map that is sandwiched between Section 8 (above) and Section 14 (below), and east to Section 11. A square-shaped pavemented area. To its north is horizontal road H-B, to its west is vertical road V-D, and to its south is horizontal road H-D. Objects in this section include two rectangular buildings side by side. The left one is striped and the right one has no pattern. A green pinpoint is placed on the striped building on the left. The striped building on the left is identified as a key location and is labeled la parada de autobús.
Section 14:
The right-most section in the bottom row of the map. A grassy square-shaped area. To its north is horizontal road H-D and to its left is vertical road V-D. Objects in this section include 3 trees of various sizes. No key locations are identified and labeled in this sections.
End of description.
Activity: 2.1.4 - Directions
Figure A-6: Directions on a colorful map
Descriptions of roads on the map
Note: The following roads are described from top to bottom, left to right for ease; they are not unidirectional.
Vertical Roads
There are five vertical roads: V-A, V-B, V-C, V-D, and V-E.
V-A: A vertical road placed approximately 1/5 to the left of the map. The road begins at the top edge of the map and runs down to the middle of the map (top 1/2 of the map). Once it reaches the middle of the map, it curves rightward and becomes horizontal road H-B.
V-B: A vertical road placed approximately 2/5 to the left of the map. The road begins from the top edge of the map and runs all the way down to the bottom edge of the map.
V-C: A short vertical road that is placed in the bottom half of the map, close to center. It begins where it intersects with horizontal road H-B, and runs down to the bottom edge of the map.
V-D: A vertical road that begins by splitting off from horizontal road H-A, slightly further left from road V-E, or 4/5 to the left of the map. It then runs from that beginning point down to the bottom edge of the map.
V-E: A short vertical road placed approximately 4/5 to the left of the map. The road begins at the top edge of the map and ends when it intersects with horizontal road H-A.
Horizontal Roads
There are four horizontal roads: H-A, H-B, H-C, and H-D.
H-A: A horizontal road placed approximately 1/4 to the top of the map. The road begins from the left edge of the map and runs all the way across to the right edge of the map.
H-B: A horizontal road placed slightly over middle of the map. It begins where road V-A curves into H-B, at approximately 1/5 to left edge of the map, and runs to the end of the right edge of the map.
H-C: A short horizontal road placed approximately 3/4 of the way down from the top of the map. The road begins at the left edge of the map and ends when it intersects with vertical road V-B.
H-D: A horizontal road that begins at approximately 3/4 of the way down from the top of the map and halfway from the left side of the map. It begins by splitting off from vertical road V-C and runs horizontally to the right edge of the map.
Breakdown of objects and map features by section
The features and content of this map can be divided into 14 distinct areas, or "sections." They are described in order, from top to bottom and left to right.
Section 1:
The left-most section in the top row of the map. A grassy vertical rectangular-shaped area. To its east is vertical road V-A and to its south is horizontal road H-A. Objects in this section include a singular small building next to a tree.
Section 2:
The middle-left section in the top row of the map. A pavemented vertical rectangular-shaped area. To its west is vertical road V-A, to its east is vertical road V-B, and to its south is horizontal road H-A continued. Objects in this section include a large square building next to a smaller square building. The smaller building is about 1/6 the size of the large square building. The large square building is labeled el teatro.
Section 3:
The middle-right section in the top row of the map. A grassy horizontal rectangular-shaped area that’s 2.5 times wider area than Section 1 and 2. To its west is vertical road V-B, to its east is vertical road V-E, and to its south is horizontal road H-A continued. Objects: at the center of this section is a long vertical rectangular building, surrounded by three trees to its left and two trees to its right. The building is labeled la tienda.
Section 4:
The right-most section in the top row of the map. A pavemented vertical rectangular-shaped area. To its west is vertical road V-E and to its south is horizontal road H-A continued. Objects in this section include two vertically long rectangular buildings side-by-side. Most notable is a purple pinpoint placed on top of one of the buildings labeled Estás aquí.
Section 5:
The left-most section in the middle rows of the map. A pavemented area shaped like a boot facing right. To its north is horizontal road H-A and to its south is horizontal road H-C. To the east of this section are two roads that intersect to form the toe tip of the boot-shape: vertical road V-A that eventually curves into horizontal road H-B, and then vertical road V-B.
There are five objects in total in this section. The first three buildings are placed side by side in vertical fashion to make the top half of the boot shape: one square building on top and two rectangular buildings below. The next object is a small square building about 1/3 of the size of the first three buildings. It is placed closer to the center and to the right, where the boot shape curves. Then, below that, is the fifth object: a large rectangular building spanning the bottom length of the boot.
This large rectangular building is labeled el gimnasio, while the trio of buildings located at the top of the boot are labeled el centro comercial.
Section 6:
The section that sits to the right of Section 5. A grassy area whose shape, when combined with Section 5, form a vertical rectangle that is 2x the length and height of Section 1. To its north is horizontal road H-A, to its west and south is road V-A/H-B, and to its east is vertical road V-B. Objects in this section include three vertically-lined trees.
Section 7:
The center-most section on the map. A pavemented square-ish area. To its north is horizontal road H-A, to its west is vertical road V-B, to its south is road H-B, and to its east is road V-D Objects in this section include two rows of various sized buildings. The top row includes a large rectangular building and a square building. The bottom row includes three identical square buildings. A red pinpoint sits on top of the large rectangular building. The top row of buildings in this section are labeled la plaza, the left-most square building in the trio of buildings in the lower half is labeled el restaurante italiano, while the right-most square building is labeled la cafetería.
Section 8:
The section that sits east to Section 7, and is also the right-most section on the map in the middle row. A square-ish grassy area. To its north is horizontal road H-A, to its left is vertical road V-D, and to its south is horizontal road H-B. Objects in this section include three rows of trees, in pairs. The bottom row is the only exception- instead of two trees, it contains a building on the left and a tree on the right. This entire grassy section is identified as a key location and labeled el parque El Cielo.
Section 9:
The left-most section in the bottom row of the map. A rectangular-shaped grassy area the size of Section 1 and 2 combined. To its north is horizontal road H-C and to its right is vertical road V-B. Objects in this section include two rows of trees, in pairs. The bottom row is an exception- instead of two trees, it contains a tree on the left and a singular rectangular building on the right. An orange pinpoint is placed on the rectangular building. The entirety of this grassy area is labeled el parque La Colina.
Section 10:
The middle-left section in the bottom row of the map. A long vertical pavemented area that spans the height of the bottom half of the map. To its north is horizontal road H-B, to its west is vertical road V-B, and to its east is vertical road V-C. Objects in this section include a long vertical building followed by two smaller buildings below it, each 1/3 of its size; one striped and one without. The long vertical building is labeled la iglesia and the striped square building is labeled el baños público.
Section 11:
A square-shaped grassy section to the right of Section 10 and below Section 7. To its north is horizontal road H-B, to its west is vertical road V-C, to its east is vertical road V-D, and to its south is horizontal road H-D. There are two rows of objects in this section- a tree and small square building on top, and another small building and a tree below.
Section 12:
The middle-right section in the bottom row of the map. A pavemented square-shaped area. To its north is horizontal road H-D, to its west is vertical road V-C, and to its east is vertical road V-D. Objects in this section include two rectangular buildings side by side. The left one has no pattern, while the right one is striped. Together, the two buildings are labeled el restaurante mexicano.
Section 13:
A section on the right-most edge of the map that is sandwiched between Section 8 (above) and Section 14 (below), and east to Section 11. A square-shaped pavemented area. To its north is horizontal road H-B, to its west is vertical road V-D, and to its south is horizontal road H-D. Objects in this section include two rectangular buildings side by side. The left one is striped and the right one has no pattern. A green pinpoint is placed on the striped building on the left. The striped building on the left is labeledla parada de autobúsand the building on the right (without pattern) is labeled el cine.
Section 14:
The right-most section in the bottom row of the map. A grassy square-shaped area. To its north is horizontal road H-D and to its left is vertical road V-D. Objects in this section include 3 trees of various sizes.
End of description.
Activities: 2.1.5 -El mapa, 2.1.7 - Opener
Figure A-7: Answer key for Venn diagram about ways of bartering
[A 3-way Venn diagram that shows three intersecting circles labeled Itinerant, Specific Sites, and Permanent, with red answer key text]
Itinerant
Exchanges happen between several families in communities at different attitudes
Specific Sites
Done on specific dates during harvest periods
Very large events with up to $50k exchanged per day
No invitations necessary
Permanent
One of the most recent methods of bartering
Exchanges happen weekly
Overlap between Itinerant and Specific Sites
People living in different communities swap good
Overlap between Itinerant and Permanent
Different foods are exchanged across communities
Overlap between Specific Sites and Permanent
People living in different environments swap goods
Overlap between all three categories
People barter by exchanging goods with one another
End of description.
Activity: 2.2.3 - ¿Qué es el trueque?
Figure A-7: Bar graph about online shopping in Mexico
La ropa, el producto que más se compra online en México.
Un gráfico de barras: porcentaje de encuestados que compraron online los siguientes productos en los últimos doce meses.
Fuente: Statista Consumer Insights
Bar graph data:
Del porcentaje más alto al porcentaje más bajo.
| El producto | El porcentaje (%) |
|---|---|
Ropa | 47% |
Calzado | 37% |
Productos electrónicos | 33% |
Accesorios | 28% |
Cosméticos y productos de cuidado corporal | 25% |
Productos de farmacia y salud | 23% |
Electrodomésticos | 23% |
Libros, películas, música y juegos | 21% |
2.032 encuestados (18-64 años) online en México de enero a diciembre de 2022.
Respuesta múltiple. Productos más populares.
End of description.
Activity: 2.2.5 - Compras online en México
Figure A-8: Infographic "7 aguas frescas para el verano"
7 aguas frescas para el verano
Infographic recommending sevenaguas frescas,with descriptions and images.
Número 1 - Jamaica & jengibre: Añade pedazos de a tu infusión habitual de jamaica.
Número 2 - Piña & albahaca: A tu de piña, agrega hojas de albahaca para darle un sabor fresco y diferente.
Número 3 - El limón y el pepino crean un sabor refrescante.
Número 4 - Sandía & té verde: Combina esta fruta dulce con el té amargo para crear una bebida refrescante.
Número 5 - Fresa & hierbabuena: Esta bebida está llena de fruta y tiene un sabor herbal.
Número 6 - Aguacate & coco: Bate agua de coco con un aguacate maduro para una bebida sabrosa.
Número 7 - Limonada de miel + lavanda: En vez de azúcar, añade miel y unas flores de lavanda a tu limonada.
End of description.
Activity: 2.3.2 - 7 aguas frescas
Figure A-9: Panel 1 of infographic about communication
La comunicación: la clave para conectarnos
Panel 1 of the Spanish infographic.
¿Qué es la comunicación?
La comunicación es el proceso de compartir ideas, información y emociones entre personas, con el objetivo de entendernos mejor.
Es una herramienta fundamental para construir relaciones, resolver problems y trabajar en equipo en cualquier ámbito de la vida.
Tipos de comunicación
Verbal: A través de palabras, y sea habladas o escritas.
No verbal: Gestos, expresiones faciales, lenguaje corporal y tono de voz.
Visual: Uso de imágenes, gráficos o símbolos para transmitir un mensaje.
Digital: Comunicación mediante correos, chats or redes sociales.
End of description.
Activity: 2.6.4 - ¿Qué es la comunicación?
Figure A-10: Panel 2 of infographic about communication
La comunicación: la clave para conectarnos
Panel 2 of the same Spanish infographic.
Barreras que dificultan la comunicación
Falta de claridad: Mensajes confusos o poco organizados.
Ruido: Distracciones físicas o emocionales que complican la comprensión.
Prejuicios: Ideas preconcebidas que afectan la interpretación del mensaje.
Cultura: Diferencias en idioma, costumbres o formas de epresión.
Consejos para comunicarte mejor
Sé claro: Expresa tus ideas de manera sencilla y directa.
Elige el medio adecuado: Usa el canal que mejor se ajuste al mensaje y a la situación.
Sé empático: Ponte en el lugar de la otra persona y respeta su perspectiva.
Esucha activamente: Presta atención y demuestra interés en lo que te dicen.
¿Por qué es importante comunicarnos bien?
Crea entendimiento: Evita malentendidos y mejora las relaciones.
Facilita el trabajo en equipo: Hace más fácil alcanzar objetivos comunes.
Fortalece vínculos: Es clave para tener relaciones personales y profesionales más sólidas.
Impulsa el aprendizaje: ¡Nos permite compartir ideas y crecer juntos!
End of description.
Activity: 2.6.4 - ¿Qué es la comunicación?