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Activities: State of being: How to form sentences with “is” or “to be” in Japanese?

By: Sayumi Suzuki
Associated Articles

These activities are part of our Japanese Grammar series. The skills we are practicing here are covered in our article:

Exercise 1: Translate English to Japanese

Choose the correct answer that corresponds with the English translation provided.

  • This is a book store.

  • Ms. Tanaka is not a freshman. (She) is a third-year.

  • When (I was) in college, (my) major was economics.

  • The meeting wasn’t from 1:00.

  • We were not bad students.

Exercise 2: Past tense

Change the underlined phrases into past tense. If it is in polite form, change it into polite form, past tense. If it is in plain/casual form, change it into plain/casual form, past tense.

  • クリスマスプレゼントは自転車です
    Kurisumasu purezento wa jitensha desu.
    The Christmas present is a bicycle.

    クリスマスプレゼントは
    Kurisumasu purezento wa jitensha ...
    The Christmas present was a bicycle.

    The past tense of です[desu] is でした[deshita].

  • 山口さんはいい学生じゃないです
    Yamaguchi-san wa ii gakusei ja arimasen.
    Mr/Ms. Yamaguchi is not a good student.

    山口さんはいい
    Yamaguchi-san wa ii ...
    Mr/Ms. Yamaguchi was not a good student.

    The past tense of じゃないです[ja nai desu] is じゃなかったです[ja nakatta desu]. Although more formal, the sentences below are also grammatically correct:
    山口さんはいい学生ではなかったです。[Yamaguchi-san wa ii gakusei de wa nakatta desu.]
    山口さんはいい学生じゃありませんでした。[Yamaguchi-san wa ii gakusei ja arimasen deshita.]
    山口さんはいい学生ではありませんでした。[Yamaguchi-san wa ii gakusei de wa arimasen deshita.]

  • あの時計は3,000円だよ
    Ano tokei wa sanzen en da yo.
    That clock is 3,000 yen.

    あの時計は
    Ano tokei wa ...
    That clock was 3,000 yen.

    The past tense of [da] is だった[datta]. The sentence-final particle [yo] stays!

  • 晩ご飯はピザじゃない
    Bangohan wa piza ja nai.
    The dinner is not pizza.

    晩ご飯は
    Bangohan wa...
    The dinner was not pizza.

    The past tense of じゃない[ja nai] is じゃなかった[ja nakatta]. Although more formal, the sentences below are also grammatically correct:
    晩ご飯はピザではなかった。[Bangohan wa piza de wa nakatta.]
    晩ご飯はピザじゃありませんでした。[Bangohan wa piza ja arimasen deshita.]
    晩ご飯はピザではありませんでした。[Bangohan wa piza de wa arimasen deshita.]

  • コンサートは日曜日
    Konsāto wa nichiyōbi?
    Is the concert on Sunday?

    コンサートは
    Konsāto wa ... ?
    Was the concert on Sunday?

    The past tense of this state-of–being (present tense), which is omitted here for question, is だった[datta].

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