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Activities: "What is 尊敬語 (sonkeigo) in Japanese?"

By: Nora Farley
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These activities are part of our Japanese Grammar series. The skills we are practicing here are covered in our article:

Activity 1: Change the sentences

Take the following Japanese sentences and make all necessary (and optional) changes to make them respectful.

  • 石田さん、子供は何人いますか。

    Ishida-san, kodomo wa nan’nin imasu ka.

    How many children do you have, Mr. Ishida?

    石田さん、お子さん子供は何人いらっしゃいますいますか。
    Ishida-san, oko-san kodomo wa nan’nin irasshaimasu imasu ka.

  • 河野先生は有名な大学で教えているので、きっと忙しいです。

    Kōno-sensei wa yūmei na daigaku de oshiete iru no de, kitto isogashii desu.

    Professor Kōno teaches at a famous university, so she’s undoubtedly very busy.

    河野先生は有名な大学で教えていらっしゃるいるので、きっと忙しいです。
    Kōno-sensei wa yūmei na daigaku de oshiete irassharu iru no de, kitto oisogashii desu.

  • 空港に着いたら両替所の前で待っていてください。

    Kūkō ni tsuitara ryōgaejo no mae de matte kudasai.

    Once you’ve arrived at the airport, please wait in front of the currency exchange office.

    空港に着いたら両替所の前でお待ち待っていてください。
    Kūkō ni tsuitara ryōgaejo no mae de omachi matte ite kudasai.

  • 出身はどこですか。

    Shusshin wa doko desu ka.

    Where are you from?

    lit. Where is your hometown?

    出身はどちらどこですか。
    Goshusshin wa dochira doko desu ka.

  • 時間がある時、ぜひ自分で調べてください。

    Jikan ga aru toki, zehi jibun de shirabete kudasai.

    Please look it up by yourself when you have time.

    時間がある時、ぜひ自分でお調べ調べてください。
    Ojikan ga aru toki, zehi gojibun de oshirabe shirabete kudasai.

Activity 2: Fix the sentences

The following respectful sentences contain mistakes. Find and correct them.

  • 次の展覧会にもおいらっしゃいください。

    Tsugi no tenrankai ni mo oirasshai kudasai.

    Please come to the next exhibition as well.

    次の展覧会にもお越しおいらっしゃいください。
    Tsugi no tenrankai ni mo okoshi oirasshai kudasai.

    お越しになる[okoshi ni naru] is the most commonly used option for the verb “to come” in the context of requests, though いらっしゃってください[irasshatte kudasai] and おいでください[oide kudasai] are also possibilities.

  • 昨日、私は素敵な映画をご覧になりました。

    Sakujitsu, watashi wa sutekina eiga o goran ni narimashita.

    I saw a wonderful film the other day.

    昨日、私は素敵な映画を見ましたご覧になりました
    Sakujitsu, watashi wa sutekina eiga o mimashita goran ni narimashita.

    The speaker can never be the subject of a respectful verb. It’s not appropriate to raise your own status in this way.

  • あの俳優の名前、存じていますか。

    Ano haiyū no namae, zonjiteimasu ka.

    Do you know that actor’s name?

    あの俳優の名前、ご存じです存じていますか。
    Ano haiyū no namae, gozonji desu zonjiteimasu ka.

    This one is particularly important because 存じる[zonjiru](to know) is actually a humble expression. Note also that the respect in this sentence is directed at the listener, not at the actor they’re talking about.

  • 何かスポーツをおなさいになりますか。

    Nanika supōtsu o onasai ni narimasu ka.

    Which newspaper do you read, Professor Kōno?

    何かスポーツをなさいますおなさいになりますか。
    Nanika supōtsu o nasaimasu onasai ni narimasu ka.

    This was an example of “double keigo,” which is considered inelegant.

Activity 3: Choose the best word

The following is a discussion between two acquaintances about the principal of the school both speakers attended as small children. They are using standard polite (not respectful) speech with each other, but they hold the principal in high regard, and are using respectful expressions for him. Keeping this context in mind, choose the best option to complete each of the sentences. (Hint: make sure you know the subject or “doer” of each verb!)

    • 浦原校長先生が去年定年退職(!した!なさった)って(!お聞きになりましたか!聞きましたか)。
      Urahara kōchō sensei ga kyonen teinen taishoku (shita・nasatta) tte (okiki ni narimashita ka・kikimashita ka).
      Did you hear that Mr. Urahara retired last year?
  • いいえ、そうなんですか。
    Iie, sō nan desu ka.
    No, I haven’t, really?

    • そうらしいですよ。40年間もずっと同じ学校で教えて(!来られて!来て)…すごいですね。
      Sō rashii desu yo. Yonjūnenkan mo zutto onaji gakkō de oshiete (korarete・kite )... Sugoi desu ne.
      That’s right. It’s amazing that he worked at the same school for 40 years.
    • そうですね。それに、いい先生でしたね。(!覚えていますか!覚えていらっしゃいますか)。
      Sō desu ne. Sore ni, ii sensei deshita ne. (Oboete imasu ka・Oboete irasshaimasu ka).
      It is! And he was such a good teacher, too! Do you remember?
    • ちろんです!今でも先生の(!!お話)が思い出に(!残っていらっしゃいます!残っています)。
      Mochiron desu! Ima demo sensei no (hanashi・ohanashi) ga omoide ni (nokotte irasshaimasu・nokotte imasu).
      Of course! I still remember the things he said.

      全校集会や体育祭などでいつも面白いスピーチを(!して!なさって)みんなを(!楽しませてくださいました!楽しませてくれました)ね。
      Zenkōshūkai ya tai’ikusai nado de itsumo omoshiroi supiichi o (shite・nasatte) minna o (tanoshimasete kudasaimashita・tanoshimasete kuremashita) ne.
      He always gave funny speeches at school assemblies and sports festivals and stuff, and made everyone laugh.
    • ええ、でも冗談ばかりでもなかったですよね。心に残るようなこともたくさん(!言った!おっしゃった)気が(!します!なさいます)。
      Ee, demo jōdan bakari demo nakatta desu yo ne. Kokoro ni nokoru yō na koto mo takusan (itta・osshatta) ki ga (shimasu・nasaimasu).
      But it wasn’t all joking around, was it? I feel like he said a lot of things that really stuck with me as well.
    • あんな先生が(!いてくれて!いてくださって)、私たちも学校のみんなもラッキーだったと(!お思いになります!思います)よ。
      An’na sensei ga (ite kurete・ite kudasatte), watashi-tachi mo, gakkō no min’na mo rakkii datta to (oomoi ni narimasu・omoimasu) yo.
      I think we, and everyone at the school, were really lucky to have a teacher like that.

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